Someone from the search party is talking to a colonist. The search party is in the new world, Roanoke. They talk about where they are and possibilities of where they went. They thought they joined in with the natives because a blonde boy was spotted with the tribe, they are not common in their tribe

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Colombus Sailed the Ocean Blue

Since we were young, we were always taught that Christopher Columbus sailed the across the ocean in 1492, and discovered America. If Columbus discovered America, then why were there already people there? Christopher Columbus got money from the King and Queen for boats and a crew. They sailed across the ocean in search for India, to find new trade routes. He ended up in America, he thought it was India. Columbus was not a very nice person either. He did not treat the Native Americans how he should have, and abducted some and brought them back to England. Christopher Columbus is not a very good person.


I do not believe that we should still celebrate a day in honor of Christopher Columbus. He did not really discover America, so he should't have all the honor. Instead we should celebrate a day for the Native Americans, the same day as we used to celebrate for Columbus, but replace it to celebrate the people who were really already in America. Those people, the Native Americans deserve a day in their honor that we celebrate!

The Scientific Revolution

The scientific revolution was a time when scientists began to have new theories about how the solar system really worked. These ideas went against the church's teachings, and the church was not happy. The Roman Catholic Church always taught that the solar system was geocentric, having the earth as a center, but scientists began to have new theories about astronomy, the study of the universe. They believed that the solar system was heliocentric, revolving around the sun. Copernicus was an important scientist who made a discovery that the sun was the center of the universe and figured out that the earth revolved around the sun. Galileo then came up with evidence to support his theory. The church became furious, because he was changing their teachings. Galileo took back his theories and was punished by prohibiting his book, being sent to prison and having to recite the seven penitential psalms once a week for three weeks. Chemistry was discovered by Robert Boyle. He founded modern chemistry helped with the founding of The Scientific Method. The Scientific Method is a seven step method which helps with experiments and how to carry it out.  Chemistry is the study of elements. Ambroise Pare discovered a medicine, a mixture that heals illnesses or wounds. He mixed egg yolks, turpentine, and oil of roses to heal wounds. He joined the military in 1536 and became a doctor. 


I am a catholic merchant traveling around for buisness. I have recently been hearing about the discoveries of Da Vinci, Vesalius and Harvey. They have been drawing the human body, and their drawings are so realistic because they are using real human bodies to dissect, observe then draw. I do not believe in this idea. Since I am catholic I don't believe that these bodies should be used in his way. They should be buried peacefully.  I also agree with the church. I don't think that there is another way to think about the anatomy. We have been taught by the church for so long, our ways of belief should not be changed now.




Image from: Image from: http://people.highline.edu/iglozman/classes/astronotes/geocentric.jpg

The Printing Press

The printing press changed the spread of ideas, they could travel faster and easier. Before the printing press existed, there were only 30,000 books. The reason for that is because books were written by hand, they had someone usually a pope, write and copy books. Since people hand-wrote the books, they were expensive and very time consuming. They had to copy every letter and every word. The books were a lot of times also filled with errors, because mistakes were very easy to make. After the printing press was invented, so many new doors opened up. There were then 12 million books in the library. It was easier to make a lot of one book also because they were easily mass produced with the new machine.  More people could afford these books, and they were less expensive for people to buy them and make them. Last, the books were so much faster to make.


Hello, I am Henry the 8th. I have had many wives, and I used to be catholic, but now I am protestant. Once in my life, I really wanted a son, I only had one daughter named Mary Tudor. I thought we should have a male heir for the throne. My wife didn't want to have a son, so I asked the pope to divorce us, but the priest would not let me. That's when I decided I did not want to be catholic anymore, so I took over the English Church, and I married Anne Boleyn, and we had another daughter. Since I did not have a son with her, I married four other women, I only ended up having one son, named Edward.

The Reformation Begins with Martin Luther

Luther was a monk who confronted the Church. He didn't believe in the idea of selling indulgences, which was basically a clean slate to get you out of your sins. He challenged the Catholic Church because he didn't believe in these indulgences. He wrote a letter which ended up in the hands of the pope. Luther was then excommunicated from the Holy Roman Empire. "I do not bring accusation against the outcries of the preachers, which I have not heard, so much as I grieve over the wholly false impressions which the people have conceived from the indulgences." - Martin Luther. He is trying to say he doesn't like the indulgences, because people buy them believing if they buy one they are guaranteed to be saved, but that's not always the truth, they might be wasting their needed money. 

Martin Luther's intentions were originally for the good of the people. He did not want them to get their hopes up, because not everybody had a lot of money and they bought them thinking they would be completely saved.  Luther was more concerned with spiritual reforms. The peasants didn't understand what he was saying, but Luther was actually talking spiritually, not about money. He did not believe in the indulgences and he wanted to make his point clear. He wrote a letter, and posted it to the doors of the church. Primarily, Luther's intentions were for the good of the people.

The Medici & Machiavelli

     


       The prince has philosophies that he uses to be a good ruler. Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince in 1513 around the time of the overthrow of the Republic, which forced Machiavelli into exile. He wrote The Prince because of the overthrow, and the exile. Patronage is when a wealthy family supports a artist, sculptor or other people. We learned about what patronage was in a video we watched in class The Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance. We also read an article in class about Niccolo Machiavelli, and played a game to find out who we were most like from the Medici family, which all helped us to learn more about the topic. The Medici family was a family that owned a small bank with loyal clients. When one of their loyal clients became the pope, the Medici family became wealthy and well known. The Medici family was an example of patronage, they supported an artist with the name of Brunelleschi. 

I chose the last excerpt in The Prince. The main idea was that, in order to be respected, you  need to be feared more than loved. That way people will not take advantage of you. If it was possible to have both, that was even better. Normally you could only choose one. People respond better to someone they fear than to someone they love. The reason for this is, if you fear somebody you are going to show more respect for them because you're scared or because you don't know how they are going to react in some situations. Also if someone is feared by you, you're not going to be taken advantage of. Since being feared is better than being loved a prince would most likely choose to be feared. This way more people will respect them as a prince, and his decisions. He won't be taken advantage of either. Being feared is not the same as being hated. The prince says in his letter "Nevertheless a prince ought to inspire fear in such a way that, if he does not win love, he avoids hatred; because being feared whilst he is not hated," He is trying to say that by being feared he is avoiding being hated. If he does not win the love he won't be hated. 

Throughout all of Machiavelli's ideas about leadership, I don't agree with all of them. Especially the first excerpt. I don't think war and discipline should be the main focus of a prince. Although I agree with the second and third excerpts which state that sometimes a prince needs to be wrong in order to be right, and that you want to be feared more than loved. I don't agree with the first idea about war and discipline being the main focus of a prince, because there are more important things to focus on when you have so many peoples lives in your hands. War and discipline should be a topic to think about, but it shouldn't in my opinion be the topic to worry about the most. I agree that sometimes a prince can be wrong in order to be right sometimes. It might be the only way way to keep the respect they need to maintain a good reputation. Being feared more than loved can also be good. No one will have the guts to take advantage of you, and people will respect you and your decisions as a prince. I do think some leaders of today do use this philosophy because they make sense in terms of being in control of their country. They have to have some philosophies that they use to be a great ruler. Some of Machiavelli's ideas make sense when they are thinking about what they need to do to be a good prince.